Mini-Workshop: GAPS! in practice with 7-Eleven Corporation

Could the shift to sustainability shrink your investment footprint right under your nose?

Here’s a cautionary case study from a real life business, plus a tool to help with early detection of fatal shifts in your pipeline.

The shift to sustainability is driving many jurisdictions to rethink land use on a major scale. That can make structuring an investment program covering several markets quite complex. While land use changes happen all the time, they usually address site specific issues. Investors are very rarely confronted with the possibility of regional land use changes by multiple jurisdictions at once, due to a mega-trend like sustainability.

The sweeping nature of these changes, and the negative consequences to your program if you can’t stay in front of them, are two reasons why you need to employ better tools during program underwriting to detect broader shifts within your investment case; those that might be beyond the information analyzed in typical real estate market analysis studies.

7-Eleven moves to the suburbs

The case of 7-Eleven, covered in the May Harvard Business Review, highlights that problem in a former era - when the shift to suburbs went undetected by the real estate intensive convenience store operator.

Briefly, 7-Eleven had followed an investment strategy of locating stores on roads that connected residential areas with commercial business districts. As suburbs became more popular, many cities removed those roads or they were simply less traveled by suburban-focused consumers, forcing 7-Eleven to locate in shopping centers, where other retailers, such as Target, started mimicking its late business hours and drawing away shopper traffic.

7-Eleven’s U.S. stores’ productivity decreased over the subsequent years as the company gradually lost access to many of its preferred sites and was forced into tougher competition in strip malls and neighborhood shopping centers. The article’s author notes that 7-Eleven’s business in Japan did very well, however, since those stores remained accessible within walkable neighborhoods.  The entire 7-Eleven corporation was eventually bought by one of its very successful Japanese franchisees.

The GAPS! Map

If you’ve attended the recent Competitive Edge Workshops in San Francisco or were at the National Community Development Lending School in New Orleans, you learned how the GAPS! Map tools can help you to develop your business case for the potential value-add that a green or energy efficiency strategy can bring to your investment program.

The GAPS! framework helps practitioners structure the sustainability-driven assessment that is critical for real estate underwriting because sustainability exerts dynamic influences on nearly every facet of a project. The graphic here presents an overview of the tool.

The “P” in GAPS! stands for ‘PIN’ down the causes.  The GAPS framework looks at the sustainability challenge as a complex business “problem”, with root causes that need to be discovered and “solved” via mitigation within the green investment strategy.

Pinning down the causes refers to investigating factors within and external to the project as well as the capabilities of the team that will implement the green strategies. A full description of the available tools is beyond the scope of today’s article, but the case of 7-Eleven highlights the usefulness of one aspect of the assessment. The outcomes are qualitative and quantitative factors that will positively and negatively affect the success of the project.

To evaluate the factors external to the project, you have to investigate the ways that sustainability might exert influence on the social, regulatory, political and of course, environmental forces operating around the project or in the market area where invest.

Typical real estate analysis focuses on real estate specific market factors, but ignores broader regulatory or political action in adjacent markets. It is always assumed that this information is only relevant when it is priced into the real estate, but that is often not the case. If a negative trend has progressed to the point where it can be priced into real estate within your target markets, then it may be too late for you to avoid the damage. You’ll have to either accept that price, rework your investment plan to include countermeasures or leave that market.

With Pinning down the causes, you would have to ask yourself about possible sustainability interactions at a broader level and determine how that might harm or help your green building project, markets, or doing business as usual (conventional investment) if that’s your focus.

The 7-Eleven case highlights the fact that 7-Eleven never connected the dots between the mega-trend of people moving to the suburbs and how that might lead them into direct combat with category killers in suburban strip malls and neighborhood shopping centers.

If the 7-Eleven management team had applied Pinning down the causes within their investment strategy, they might have been able to turn a challenge to their business model, such as consumers moving away to the suburbs, into a bigger opportunity in urban areas:

• Instead of simply following consumers out to the suburbs one market at a time, and getting into a long destructive war with big box category killers, they could have stepped back and noted where the broader trend of suburb life was most prominent and made the decision to capture business in areas that would remain permanently “urban,” where the category killers cannot obtain sites due to their larger store format.
• It took a very long time for many retailers to understand how population density in urban areas is a big plus for retailers. 7-Eleven could have seen these urban shoppers as being a prime customer segment that had been largely overlooked by the category killers (for the first few years anyway).

Both of these ideas are strategic in nature. If a company remains too “close to the ground” in its market analysis and underwriting, it will not see the bigger trends that will impact the long-term success of its investment program.

Using Pinning down the causes forces the investors to ask the bigger, tougher questions in addition to the traditional real estate analytics, to make sure that the project is in sync with larger influences or the investor has at least had an early warning of problems on the horizon that she should make sure to protect her strategy against or possibly turn into a brand new opportunity.

These and many more aspects of using the GAPS tools and frameworks for investment programs and project underwriting are covered during our workshops on green finance. Make sure you are signed up for Pacesetter, our newsletter, so that you’ll get announcements of upcoming classes.

Green finance workshops to sharpen your competitive edge

A few days ago, we announced the kick-off of a series of workshops focusing on green finance and investment issues via our newsletter, Pacesetter (sign up here). We are posting it here, to update those blog readers who get their news via RSS feed and might not have signed up for our monthly newsletter, yet.

The US Green Building Council Northern California Chapter and law firm, Hanson Bridgett, have generously co-sponsored the seminar series, titled The Competitive Edge: Financial Tools for Green Building Investment.

Why the Competitive Edge?

We want to help you add more value to your marketplace. We’re convinced that there is a real need in the industry to understand how to approach analyzing the value-add of green strategies within real estate investments. So we worked with the US Green Building Council Northern California Chapter and Hanson Bridgett to organize courses that address the core of those issues:

• how to use the LEED rating system when analyzing project cash flows (and move beyond first costs)
• common investment analysis issues and tools for retrofits
• an approach for structuring the investment review of new and existing green buildings
• how A/E/C professionals can learn common investment analysis processes and terms to improve communication with property owners about design, construction, and budget issues.
• what to consider when assembling a portfolio or fund of green investment properties.

We believe that green finance and investment techniques represent the next level of skills that real estate professionals need to stay current with changes in the real estate market place. ‘

Since sustainable design can change the economics of a building, and there are many ways to go about creating a green building, finance and investment professionals need to know a good, and efficient, process for incorporating this information into their decision making.

Below are a complete list of courses as well as links to registration. Also, you can sign up and join our Pacesetter list, which will contain updates on these courses, too.

Competitive Edge Course Summary

• Course 1, “Investment Analysis of Green Buildings”, (March 3, 2010 - Register now) covers green investment underwriting skills that help professionals to quickly use the USGBC’s LEED-rating system in their decision-making. Full day seminar.
• Course 2, “Financial Considerations of Existing Building Retrofits”, (April 7, 2010) addresses the financial considerations related to energy efficiency retrofits, so that professionals can integrate the additional decision-making tools and analysis for making buildings more energy efficient. Full day seminar.
• Course 3, “Understanding and Communicating the Financial Case for A/E/C Professionals”, (April 28, 2010) gives architects, engineers and sustainability consultants an overview of the real estate investment analysis process, stressing how to use this information to ‘go beyond first costs’ in their conversations with owners about their green design and construction choices. Half day seminar.
• Course 4, “Raising the Bar: Green Investment Fund Strategies”, (May, 2010 - date to be announced) walks the real estate senior executive through the business and legal aspects of assembling a portfolio of green property investments so that they can create more strategic advantages for their firms via creating pools of green building investments for the real estate market.

Instructors: I’m pleased to be co-teaching these courses with David Longinotti, Partner at Hanson Bridgett.  Dave’s bio can be read here. You can check out my bio here.

To facilitate the best interaction, please note that seating is limited for all courses. Got any questions? Feel free to write us or call us at +1 (415) 655-6668. We’d love to see you there!

Key events on energy efficiency finance and triple bottom line investing

Meet us at the the following events. We’ll be presenting about:

- energy efficiency financing

- responsible property investment metrics for high performance portfolios

- taking the green economy to the next level

In the weeks ahead, Lisa Michelle Galley will be featured at a number of key industry conferences. The topics covered by Lisa and other leading voices in the sustainable investment community will highlight the  latest trends and provide a valuable forum to learn about innovative solutions to some of the most pressing challenges facing the green building and finance sectors.

Presentation on Energy Efficiency Financing

GSMI -The Sustainable Buildings Series: Retrofits

October 21, 2009; 11:15am – 12pm, Mission Bay Conference Center at UCSF
Lisa will cover the key considerations for different types of energy efficiency financing.  From there she will talk about how owners can more effectively coordinate their energy efficiency financing efforts across their portfolios. Lisa will be co-presenting with Peter Liu of New Resource Bank.

Presentation on Metrics for High-Performance Portfolios

Responsible Property Investing Council: 2009 ULI Fall Meeting
November 04, 2009 – Joint session of RPI and Sustainable Development Councils
Moscone Center South, San Francisco
Along with co-presenters David Wood, of the Responsible Property Investment Center and  Jean Rogers of ARUP, Lisa will offer fresh insights and recommendations developed in a year long study of the development and application of  responsible property investing metrics on institutional real estate portfolios. Lisa and Jean will discuss how the real estate investment ‘system’ has been impacted by sustainability.

Taking the Green Economy to the next level

Sustainable Industries Economic Forum in San Francisco
November 19, 2009; 9:30am -10:15am
St. Regis Hotel, San Francisco
Lisa will join a panel of industry leaders including Paul Hawken, author and CEO of the Pax Engineering Group, to discuss some of the most challenging aspect of successfully implementing triple bottom line solutions and how we can take the green economy forward. The event will offer valuable perspective on growing strategic partnerships as a core aspect of sustainable business.

If you would like to meet us at any of these events, please email us info@galleyecocapital.com

News about future events is available through our website.

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Get plugged in:

• Sign up for our list on our green finance training page, to get info on upcoming workshops, which go deeper into the green business case.
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• Photo credit: Flikr/manu chao by Michale.

Galley Eco Capital helps Helsinki to reduce carbon emissions

San Francisco-based sustainable finance consultancy Galley Eco Capital was announced as part of a winning team for the redevelopment of the Jatkasaari district in Helsinki, Finland, which will be an urban zone with low or no carbon emissions.

Sitra, the innovation agency of the Finnish government, revealed today that the winning team for their “Low2No” development design competition was made up of Arup, Saurbruch Hutton, Experientia and Galley Eco Capital. The multi-national team was selected out of 74 initial entries, for their “C_life – City as Living Factory of Ecology” project.

Galley Eco Capital  brings their unique perspective as an international sustainable finance consultancy with a focus on creating green and socially responsible finance and investment programs.  Galley Eco Capital’s work complemented the architectural and consumer behavioral aspects of Jatkasaari by contributing new ways for finance to transform both the district and Helsinki market, to positively impact people’s lives.

The competition jury stated that the innovative monetary/economic model presented contributed significantly to the team’s clear top-down as well as a bottom-up strategy for leveraging the Jätkäsaari opportunity, in the spirit of the Low2No challenge.

Sustainable finance for Jatkasaari and Helsinki

While other team members devised the design, energy and consumer behavioral strategies for the project, Galley Eco Capital’s responsibility was to create an economic and funding model, which would support the project by integrating traditional and socially-responsible capital sources and products at a regional market level and set the right incentives to achieve maximum effect in terms of emissions reduction, energy efficiency and resource savings.

Starting with a thorough analysis of Sitra’s environmental and socially-responsible real estate objectives, the Finnish climate change agenda, and Finland’s participation within the global environmental finance markets, Galley Eco Capital developed ways to create a reliable pipeline of green mortgage, environmental, energy and carbon finance capital for Jatkasaari.

These products would all seamlessly connect with the traditional Finnish financial network to form a holistic financial system. Delicate synthesis was also required to create a flexible market structure, which would monetize available sustainability benefits while adequately funding the Jatkasaari project throughout construction and operation.

About Galley Eco Capital

Using their expertise in designing and implementing sustainable finance and investment programs, Galley Eco Capital’s strategies help investors, lenders and regional governments to bridge traditional with green finance and efficiently monetize the available sustainability benefits embedded within their real estate and renewable energy initiatives.

Galley Eco Capital’s unique approach assures more successful solutions through the application of interaction design principles, driven by culturally-aware, user-centric perspectives and underpinned by long years of international real estate and capital markets experience.

The strategies help drive positive change by:

• developing debt and equity financing structures based upon the value-add contributed by sustainability and energy efficiency,
• synthesizing traditional with emerging green financial products into holistic financial solutions,
• sourcing and structuring incentives and government subsidies to offset program costs,
• designing and monitoring sustainable investment performance measurement to assure positive program impact

Over the next 6 years, the Jatkasaari district will be designed, constructed and opened to the public. From there, the sustainable ideals that govern its day-to-day life will act as a model and example for the rest of Helsinki, Finland and the world. Through Galley Eco Capital, San Francisco will be a vital part of this journey.

For more information on the Low2No project, or on Galley Eco Capital, contact Lisa Michelle Galley, Managing Principal, at +1 415 655 6668, or via email at “lisa at galleyecocapital dot com”.

Don’t Build a Certified Gas Guzzler

Some investors narrowly focus on obtaining the LEED-plaque without doing sufficient analysis of whether they are approving the right kinds of energy-savings features for their investment dollars.

And that can cost them more than they assume — here’s a real cautionary tale:

The GSA’s Federal Building in Youngstown, Ohio is highlighted in today’s NY Times as a LEED-certified gas guzzler. The barebones fact is that, despite achieving LEED-certification, the building failed to qualify for Energy Star rating, when its utility bills were assessed last year.

What did they do wrong?

The GSA focused on things like daylighting, native landscaping and a white roof. They also paid for a “gas guzzling cooling system” and didn’t funding enough “structural energy-saving features”.

What’s at stake for the real estate industry is the enormous investment of time and capital into creating green and energy efficient buildings, in order to avoid the potential appraisal risk tied to obsolescence now facing many conventional buildings.

The USGBC’s own research indicates that “a quarter of the new buildings that have been certified do not save as much energy as their designs predicted and that most do not track energy consumption once in use.”

In addition to possibly leaving an owner open to reputation damage from accusations of greenwashing, failing to make the right decisions about structural energy and water saving design could harm the viability of the green building investment in a few ways:

a) Wasted money: in our opinion, an investor operating an underperforming certified green building is still open to the appraisal risk that they were trying to avoid in the first place,

b) Breach of duty to your shareholders: in the opinion of some attorneys, the investor is breaching his fiduciary responsibility to his shareholders for not taking sufficient steps to avert material risks to their investment.

b) An entre to litigation hell: in the opinion of some other attorneys, the green building’s subperformance can possibly leave the A/E/C partners possibly open to litigation related to the subperformance issues.

And on top of all of that, absolutely no one wants to be the operator who has to come up with a clever response for his investors because his firm is featured in the press as the owner/operator of a gas-guzzling green building. The damage from that sort of press is enough to outweigh any concerns about potential first cost fears on structural energy-saving features.

So if one of your partners or clients doesn’t see much value in paying for structural energy-savings features, hand them the story of Youngstown Ohio Federal Building.

Ask them if they’d like to see their name in the papers as the next owner of a LEED-certified asset that has been officially assessed as a gas-guzzler.

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