Energy Star, rigourous performance data shall set you free

“Talk is cheap” might be a tired cliche, but there’s always someone around who seems to forget.

Not a week passes without another example of someone taking the easy way out on verifying green and/or energy efficient performance.   And anyone who cares about green building investing or even just making money from their buildings in the future should be vigilant about avoiding this particularly vicious delusion.

This week’s (most unfortunate) case in point is the US EPA’s EnergyStar appliance certification program, facing accusations of being vulnerable to manufacturer fraud by the General Accountability Office, as featured in the 26 March New York Times.

If you picture the emerging green real estate finance and investment ecosystem as being a giant computer, the US EPA’s EnergyStar Program is the “Intel inside” –  a powerful, branded technology within the nascent green investment “operating system” that drives the circulation of capital into and throughout the nearly $200 billion ecosystem, via providing the market standard in tools to collect and measure building energy data as well as certification regimes for the energy performance of most kinds of buildings and equipment.

EnergyStar is a big player, providing a sort of “software” that systemically links the value proposition of building energy savings throughout communities, environmentalists, investors, and citizens. Look at all the roles it plays in our green real estate finance and investment universe:

• Regulation: Building energy disclosure laws in California and Washington, D.C. are largely premised on the availability of and reliance on EnergyStar.  Regulating building energy disclosure as a part of market transformation is showing early promise in Washington, D.C. where practitioners attribute these new laws to the rise in green building certifications there.

• Green building certification: The US Green Building Council’s LEED 2009 rating systems require achieving an EnergyStar rating of 75 as a prerequisite to certification. Co-Star data (April 2009) indicates 433 million square feet of LEED-certified green building space in operation in California alone. The US Green Building Council estimated that green buildings will represent $180 billion in construction value by year-end 2009.

• Investment best practice: Within ULI’s CLUE 2009 study¹, nearly 80% of the respondents (investment funds, financial services, lenders) indicate that they perform “an explicit analysis of energy efficiency when completing a due diligence review on a project or transaction”.  Among larger property owners and managers, EnergyStar’s Portfolio Manager is as ubiquitous as Microsoft Excel for spreadsheets.

• Property Valuation: Lower exposure to energy supply and price risk is a key tenet supporting the lower operating costs, which partially drives the superior valuation of green and energy efficient (mostly defined as Energy-Star rated) homes and buildings. While we haven’t yet achieved sufficient transaction data to say with certainty the amount of valuation increase attributable to energy efficient buildings, we do know that lower operating costs are a key point of property value and value appreciation is an essential wealth creation mechanism in the United States (current economic climate aside).

• Monetary support: Closer to today’s focus, billions of dollars in taxpayer money and utility fees,  in the form of rebates and incentives, are allocated to support the purchase of EnergyStar-rated appliances and equipment within residential and commercial buildings.

With that in mind, the report about possible fraud vulnerabilities within EnergyStar’s appliance certification system should be a concern for anyone who builds, lives in or operates buildings in the United States.  It is not an understatement to say that the fortune of US green real estate finance and investment is directly linked to that of EnergyStar as a certification, data collection and reporting tool.

To be clear, I am not saying that EnergyStar Portfolio Manager, the energy data and benchmarking tool of choice commercial building owners, is faulty due to the appliance snafu. However, the residential and commercial real estate industry directly relies on EnergyStar-certified appliances and equipment, as well as the taxpayer-funded rebates attached to them. The growth of the green finance and investment industry in the United States, still very much at an early stage, also relies on faith in EnergyStar’s positive reputation, which can be compromised by false performance data on the equipment it certifies.

Add to that the weight of political capital at risk within hundreds of cities with climate action and/or energy conservation goals, based in part on residents and businesses (like property owners) switching to EnergyStar-certified appliances and equipment over the next couple of decades.

EnergyStar, rigorous performance data shall set you free

Trust is built on truth. In green real estate English that means real, vetted performance data.  Smart homeowners and investors deserve the truth about the energy performance of everything and they’ll keep their money in their pockets until you proved it. Don’t forget that the speed of the internet economy can make everybody equally smart about performance data in an instant.

Like Intel chips in computers, EnergyStar is an extremely valuable technology within our green investment “operating system”. Our reliance on it drives billions of dollars of annual growth in green and energy efficient buildings (even in a recession economy).

Nipping appliance certification concerns in the bud is not only a big deal for the EPA, it is an imperative for for the real estate finance and investment industry.

I hope that EnergyStar and the broader real estate industry will recognize what, not to mention how much, we stand to lose if we don’t take swift action to make sure that every aspect of it’s programming and reputation represent the platinum standard in energy performance data, measurement and certification.

¹Sorry to footnote a blog post, but I couldn’t find a link to the ULI 2009 CLUE report anywhere on their site, despite some intense searching. If you do want to look up this citation, and have the study handy, look at survey question #5, on page 8. I only have it in hardcopy form.

RFP Magazine Article: Green finance breaks barriers for global real estate

The following article, written by Lisa Michelle Galley, was published in RFP Magazine, on 3 March 2010. RFP stands for “Real Estate, Facilities, Projects”.

RFP Magazine focuses on investment real estate across Asia.

The article published under the title “The Financial Barriers to Real Estate Can Be Overcome, Explains Lisa Michelle Galley”.

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Community officials, property owners and citizens are changing the world – working hard to extend regional social, environmental and commercial vitality. This is driving exponential growth in energy efficient and environmentally-certified (collectively called “green”) buildings, since some people realize that green buildings are clearly better performing investments that release funds trapped in wasted resources back into the pockets of workers and local economies.

Yet, green building opportunities present major challenges for today’s financial sector. In Living Cities (2009), a collaborative of 21 global financial institutions, cities named a lack of funding as their number one challenge for developing large-scale green building programs. Commercial banks have difficulty with pricing energy savings as an asset. Investors are still getting comfortable with factoring water and energy performance into property pricing decisions.

To address these barriers, governments and private investors are combining green financial products with traditional ones, into systems of finance products and mechanisms, to introduce transparency about building performance into markets, and direct capital into and from green buildings.

These new financial solutions, organized at the district or community level, are implemented via public-private collaborations. Implementing these programs requires moving through a series of nested considerations from determining the interests of diverse stakeholders to structuring the right finance mechanisms for communities and investors as well as for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through day-to-day activities.

Understand the Interests of Stakeholders and their Markets

Financing green starts with understanding the real, often unspoken expectations of each stakeholder. Property investors need clear green investment cases. Home buyers seek to reduce their energy costs and ensure safe air quality for their children. City officials want to limit resource expenditure on public infrastructure.

Incorporating these expectations into any green finance assessment promises crucial insights.  Participants can increase the impact of initiatives, since finance options are simultaneously compared to everyone’s interests and available opportunities. They also provide an early warning system about potential roadblocks, saving the time and money associated with creating financial solutions which were doomed from the start.

New Tools for Green Finance

Accelerating green buildings requires that communities and investors obtain capital for their projects. Below are a few new, popular and innovative green finance products that assist with both individual projects and large-scale transformation.

Green bonds: Socially responsible and ethical investors are a potent source of capital, but have traditionally shied away from investing in real estate, since it does not clearly align with their mission requirements. However, as a US$2.71 trillion market “on a mission”, socially responsible investors (SRI) are increasingly stepping up to partner with communities by buying green bonds issued by local governments that fund large-scale retrofitting of low income housing or regeneration of blighted urban areas. Recent examples include the EU-issued EUR1 billion in “Climate Awareness Bonds” in 2007. In the United States, bonds for ‘tax-lien’ financing, such as those issued by Sonoma County in spring 2009 and the upcoming GreenFinanceSF are growing in popularity, with more than 95 Californian cities either operating or in the process of establishing similar programs.

Commercial bank green loans and investment products: When a municipality implements sustainability initiatives, the continued access of businesses and consumers to credit services is often taken for granted. However, this as well as an adaptation of those products to better fit with the municipality’s sustainability objectives for buildings, is a critical area of analysis which often goes overlooked. As a result, many communities watch as sustainability initiatives falter, since they do not see sufficient private market credit and investment taking place. Often times, they fail to understand exactly how much credit for buildings actually comes from local banks.

When the South Korean government announced a national “low carbon, green growth initiative”, several of the nation’s largest lenders, including Kookmin Bank, also announced their roll-out of many types of green financial services and products. The products not only cover residential and commercial green building loans, but also extend to industry with asset management, project finance and insurance.

Climate Benefiting Finance: Some communities and investors are even requesting green finance solutions that are sophisticated and scalable enough to transform the national economy. Introduced in June 2009 by the winning ‘c_life’ team in Sitra’s Low2No competition in Helsinki, Finland, climate benefiting finance is a replicable set of economic frameworks that will help to assure a private finance market that values green buildings. The frameworks consist of many interrelated systems of green financing mechanisms, all designed to price and deliver finance in a way that rewards carbon savings within businesses, real estate projects and the carbon-related behavior of private individuals. Here, the goal is to use finance to ignite profound change and diffuse new ways of thinking about sustainability.

Designing Green Finance Mechanisms for Impact

Molding green and traditional finance products together into a customized program sets the stage for finance that is truly aligned with driving sustainability.

First, stakeholders jointly analyze their situations and cross-educate each other about their individual risks of continuing business-as-usual. Second, the government will comprehensively assess the availability of incentives available to the building owner, to understand which ones most closely complement their objectives and those that conflict. Third, the initiatives’ attractiveness to private sector capital sources will be researched. Fourth, they will focus on needed partnerships with private financial institutions to assist the development of the loan products, that work best with program funds that public agencies may provide for green buildings.

From those evaluations, officials, investors, financial institutions and citizens can obtain a common understanding not only of their individual green business case, but also of the interrelationship of their success within the green initiative and the success of others.

Market-tailored tools such as investment and credit underwriting protocols for green buildings, benchmarking and metrics to measure property performance, as well as new monitoring and reporting regimes to assure feedback, will strengthen the initiatives’ success.

The gains of incorporating green finance mechanisms into sustainability initiatives are transparency and clarity. When everyone at the table is able to actively benefit, barriers fall and the complex dialogue becomes much clearer and simpler.

How Green Multifamily Helps Bank CRA Ratings

(that’s “New Orleans” for  non-Southerners).

I am conducting workshops on Underwriting Green Multifamily Development this week at the 2010 National Community Development Lending School (”NCDLS”), hosted by the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank.

NCDLS takes place within the National Interagency Community Reinvestment Conference, a big national event for community development professionals, Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) officers, lenders, investors, non-profits and intermediaries.

This is the first time that the topic of underwriting green multifamily developments is part of the NCDLS curriculum. We’ll share more tips from the course for you in Tuesday’s Pacesetter (subscribed, yet?)

A main point we are stressing in workshops is that green multifamily investments fulfill a far larger set of objectives than just better quality housing (which, of course, is a great start). We’ll be educating colleagues on how sustainably-designed apartments help regulated financial institutions to go beyond simply fulfilling CRA requirements. Done right, green apartments can materially improve bank CRA examination outcomes, which satisfies the institution’s broader business objectives.

But first, a short background: The Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 was established to ensure that regulated financial institutions would have an obligation to help meet the credit needs of local communities in which they were chartered. Briefly, financial institutions demonstrate compliance with these laws by providing “qualified community development loans, investments and services.”

The actual performance requirements needed to comply with the CRA vary by institution size and charter, however, it’s enough to know here that regulators use CRA examinations to verify an institution’s compliance with these laws. Those examination results are considered whenever a financial institution applies to open a branch, merge with another institution or become a financial holding company, which are the key moves bank need to make in order to grow and survive.

The CRA examination can result in four possible ratings: “outstanding,” “satisfactory,” “needs to improve” and “substantial non-compliance.” In work and conversations with CRA officers and other professionals, we learned that many banks typically receive “satisfactory” ratings, but it is very hard to improve an examination rating from “satisfactory” to “outstanding.” If you take a look at the Cliff Notes version of CRA requirements here, especially those for large banks (assets > $1billion), receiving an “outstanding” across examination categories is not a matter of simply being “very good” at a few things, the institution has to be “excellent” at many requirements, which can be very challenging, particularly during a tough economy.

One of the toughest requirements to fulfill-let alone demonstrate excellence at-is in the “Product Innovation” category, where the large bank has to “make EXTENSIVE USE of  innovative and/or flexible lending practices in serving [assessment area] credit needs.” And this is where green multifamily investments help greatly.

» SF Federal Reserve Bank’s CRA page
» CRA page at Cornell Law School’s Legal Information Institute

Cliffhanger: Which of these investors will earn a green value premium?

Do you believe that achieving a value premium on green properties is possible? Even in the currently tough market?

Well, Jamestown and the State of California have both recently been in the press talking about how they expect to realize extra value from their commercial real estate via green and energy efficiency strategies.

Check out the articles and tell us if you think their projects should earn them greater returns than non-green market peers.

Jamestown: $3-$10 Million Portfolio-wide Retrofit Commitment

Jamestown has committed to greening its entire $4 billion commercial real estate portfolio. In the recent New York Times article about their efforts, they point to their European sensibilities as being the reason why they moved ahead with a portfolio-wide commitment to greening existing buildings.

When  you read through the savings and quick paybacks that they report achieving, it seems clear that their focus is on low-hanging fruit. After all, $3mm-$10mm in retrofit costs are peanuts on a $4 billion portfolio. The good news is that they report realizing immediate savings — meaning permanent increases to property net operating income.

Nonetheless, or perhaps because of that, they focus on the green/energy efficient building’s ability to attract the right kinds of tenants and assure the asset’s sale to a broader pool of buyers. The article showcases several recent efforts, including 999 Peachtree Street in Atlanta, GA, which recently earned LEED-Gold status.

We actively follow how German and other European investors are moving quickly to incorporate comprehensive acquisition and portfolio management sustainability programs. You can read previous posts about these investors’ enhanced criteria and due diligence here. More good stuff –> If you receive Pacesetter, our newsletter, you recently read and downloaded the new EECE study ranking global property funds according to reported and implemented energy efficiency practices.

State of California: Will Green Buildings Net Higher Sales Prices?

The State of California recently put a portfolio of 11 properties, totaling 7.3 million square feet, on the market for sale-leaseback transactions. The State is reporting that these properties, most of them being, in their words, “some of California’s most energy efficient and environmentally friendly properties” could sell for $2 billion, and would be “attractive to a market that is seeking sustainable, green designs.”

What makes this an item worth tracking is that the state official making that quote is also reported as saying that the sale will allow the State of California to “lock-in the lowest rental rates seen in years“.  Bids on the sale are due 14 April. It will be interesting to see the extent to which a green premium can be realized when market or transaction conditions stipulate particularly low rents.  The beauty of real estate is that it is not rocket science — there is no free lunch, and all trade offs come with their price. We are seeing and hearing that, in tough markets, green strategies help to hold back some amount of value deterioration, but are not necessarily rewarded with immediate upside.

That being said, there are multiple angles to watch here.  For instance, the concerns expressed recently by some investors about the mixed-use Boston property that attracted 27 bidders and might close at a “crazy” 6% cap rate.

Why the concern? That cap rate, indicating a valuation far higher than typical for the current point in the real estate cycle (even for Boston), reflects the current shortage of high quality properties combined with a lot of capital on the sidelines. This kind of activity raises fears of a liquidity bubble, even in these tough times, as investors pay up to win what few good deals are available.

That could be a strategy that helps Schwarzenegger shrink the state’s debt woes by more than they would typically recover from the assets.

Yes, the excitement continues!

What I Learned at the Competitive Edge Workshop #1

“Teaching is half learning.”

That’s a Japanese proverb, originally from the Chinese Book of Documents.  After teaching the first Competitive Edge workshop last week, we definitely believe that’s true — teaching involves a great deal of learning.

In addition to a personally amazing experience with a fantastic group of high-caliber professionals, we found ourselves reflecting deeply on how much we learned from them.

If you’ve been following previous posts on this blog or getting Pacesetter, Investment Analysis of Green Buildings, sponsored by the US Green Building Council - Northern California Chapter and law firm Hanson Bridgett was held last week, we taught to a nearly sold out room.  On top of that, the course was granted CEU-status by USGBC national, a first for the Northern California Chapter — and for green finance anywhere, to the best of our knowledge.

Here is what we learned from listening to and working with the workshop attendees:

#1: Green finance is important to a much larger group of professionals than you might think.

While we deeply believe that green finance can change the world, we had still oriented much of this course’s material to real estate finance and investment professionals. And, we had a full house of folks from some of investment real estate’s household names, which was flattering.  In addition, however, there were also professionals from the building technology,  construction, corporate real estate, affordable housing and legal sectors. In our conversations, we asked attendees about why they attended the course. The answer we received repeatedly was that professionals were finding it critical to understand the perspective of the property owners that they worked with and they believed that updating their knowledge of financing sustainable properties would be a good way to do that.

Real estate professionals in the room were leading change within their firms or they saw the workshop as a good way to help themselves transition within real estate by upping their knowledge and skill of financing green  real estate.

#2: Attendees most liked learning a simple, cohesive underwriting approach, how to apply LEED to finance decisionmaking, metrics and taking away a rich set of resources

We had definitely focused on creating actionable content, and when we reviewed the feedback, the following  topics were voted as being most significant time and time again:

• the GAPS approach simplified underwriting: We had really focused on reducing the complexity associated with underwriting and received strong, positive feedback on this. The participants gave high marks to our own system for green real estate underwriting, which we use to help decisionmakers quickly to define, evaluate and communicate the value-add of green real estate. It was interesting that folks from many non-finance sectors found this approach quite useful, too, in their structuring of their own work with property owners. (Don’t know about GAPS, yet? You should check it out at the next Competitive Edge, Financial Considerations of Energy Efficiency Retrofits, on 7 April; sign up here.)

• Learning how to connect LEED credits with the project operating cash flow: This particular need, a core requirement of our work here, got high marks as well. Most of the feedback was along the lines of participants feeling much more comfortable in conversations at work and with clients, now that they could point to very concrete areas within the LEED-NC system, which were prioritized according to cash flow impact.
  

• More metrics, please!: Green Journey readers know of our papers and posts about metrics for responsible property investing. This topic came at the end of the day, when people are typically a little tired. However, the participant feedback revealed that the topic of metrics was considered very important, telling us that professionals assign a value to incorporating both double and triple bottom line metrics within their practice.

• In-depth resources for self-study: Getting a packet of distilled, vetted sources of the latest green finance research plus tools and tips for further learning and takeaway was voted as very valuable by the attendees. While we taught course materials from  powerpoint slides and handouts, we had originally thought it would be helpful if people received an extra resource book compiling the research, tools and tips on real estate underwriting and sustainable finance that we’ve come to rely on here. So we prepared an 87-page resource book, to support the underwriting of new green construction, which expanded upon the information being taught in the course. We really focused on the green building, finance data and information that we most like to geek-out on. We were pleasantly surprised at how many attendees stated that this information was very valuable. Just this evening, I received a note from a participant saying, “I wanted to thank you for your great insight and the wealth of information that you shared”.

It was really gratifying to be able to share our knowledge and passion with a sharp group of professionals. Their feedback about the topics and resources that were most valuable to them opened our eyes also . This will definitely help us in the upcoming Competitive Edge events.

P.S. → The next Competitive Edge workshop, Financial Considerations for Existing Building Retrofits, takes place on 7 April 2010. We are excited about the fact that the City of San Francisco and PG&E will also be taking part with great information that will help properties to better finance existing building retrofits. Sign up and join us in an exciting day! Seating is limited and several of Workshop #1 attendees have indicated that they’ll be attending again, so register sooner than later. On top of that, early bird pricing runs through 24 March 2010.

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